/* EINA - EFL data type library
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Cedric Bail
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library;
 * if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#ifndef EINA_MAGIC_H_
#define EINA_MAGIC_H_

#include "eina_config.h"
#include "eina_types.h"
#include "eina_error.h"

/**
 * @page eina_magic_example_01_page
 * @dontinclude eina_magic_01.c
 *
 * Whenever using Eina we must include it:
 * @skipline #include
 *
 * For this example we are going to define two classes, person and pilot, and
 * since every pilot is a person we use inheritance. To be type safe we are
 * going to add EINA_MAGIC to our classes:
 * @until struct _pilot pilot
 * @note The values of BASETYPE_MAGIC and SUBTYPE_MAGIC have no meaning, the
 * only important thing about them is that they are unique.
 *
 * Here we have a function to create a person given a name, nothing too fancy:
 * @until }
 *
 * And now the counterpart, a function to free a person.
 * @until {
 * Before we start releasing resources we check that the pointer we are given
 * actually points to a person, and if not we print an error message and
 * quit:
 * @until }
 * @note EINA_MAGIC_FAIL is a macro that makes it easy to print an appropriate
 * (and consistent) error message.
 * Now knowing that ptr is indeed of type person we proceed to set EINA_MAGIC to
 * EINA_MAGIC_NONE and free the allocated memory:
 * @until }
 * @note Setting EINA_MAGIC to EINA_MAGIC_NONE is important to prevent the
 * struct from being used after it is freed.
 *
 * Now we have our function to create a pilot, this one is a little more complex
 * because we need to set EINA_MAGIC for the pilot and pilot->base, this is very
 * important so that checking the EINA_MAGIC of (person*)my_pilot works:
 * @until }
 *
 * The function to free a pilot is not too different from the one that frees a
 * person:
 * @until }
 * @until }
 *
 * We also create functions to print a person or a pilot that check the type of
 * the pointers they receive:
 * @until }
 * @until }
 *
 * And for our main function where we declare some variables and initialize
 * Eina:
 * @until eina_init
 *
 * For Eina to be able to provide more informative error messages we are going
 * to give names to our EINA_MAGIC types:
 * @until string_set
 *
 * Since our types won't live longer than the scope of the current function we
 * can set the name without eina making a copy of the string:
 * @until static_set
 *
 * Now we create a person, a pilot, and print both as persons:
 * @until person *
 *
 * Now we try to print both as pilots, which obviously does not work since base
 * is not a pilot:
 * @until pilot(sub
 *
 * That's all folks:
 * @until }
 *
 * See full source @ref eina_magic_example_01_c "here".
 */

/**
 * @page eina_magic_example_01_c Eina_Magic
 * @include eina_magic_01.c
 * @example eina_magic_01.c
 */

/**
 * @defgroup Eina_Magic_Group Magic
 * @ingroup Eina_Tools_Group
 *
 * @brief #Eina_Magic provides run-time type-checking.
 *
 * C is a weak statically typed language, in other words, it just checks for
 * types during compile time and any cast that makes the compiler believe the
 * type is correct.
 *
 * In the real world code, we often need to deal with casts, either explicit or
 * implicit, by means of @c void*. We also need to resort to casts when doing
 * inheritance in C.
 *
 * Eina_Magic gives us a way to do casts and still be certain of the type we are
 * operating on.
 *
 * @note It should be noted that it is considered a good practice to @b disable
 * #Eina_Magic for production code. The reasoning is that any #Eina_Magic errors
 * should have been caught during testing and therefore there is no reason to
 * incur the performance downside of #Eina_Magic.
 *
 * An @ref eina_magic_example_01_page "example" should elucidate matters.
 *
 * @{
 */

/**
 * @brief An abstract type for a magic number.
 */
typedef unsigned int Eina_Magic;

/**
 * @brief Gets the string associated to the given magic identifier.
 *
 * @param[in] magic The magic identifier
 * @return The string associated to the identifier
 *
 * @details This function returns the string associated to @p magic. Even if none are
 *          found this function still returns non @c NULL, in this case an identifier
 *          such as "(none)", "(undefined)", or "(unknown)".
 *
 * @note The following identifiers may be returned whenever magic is
 *       invalid, with their meanings:
 *
 *   - (none): No magic that had been registered exists at all.
 *   - (undefined): Magic is registered and found, but no string is associated.
 *   - (unknown): Magic is not found in the registry.
 *
 * @warning The returned value must not be freed.
 */
EAPI const char *eina_magic_string_get(Eina_Magic magic) EINA_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
/**
 * @brief Sets the string associated to the given magic identifier.
 *
 * @param[in] magic The magic identifier
 * @param[in] magic_name The string associated to the identifier, must not
 *                       be @c NULL
 *
 * @return #EINA_TRUE on success, otherwise #EINA_FALSE on failure
 *
 * @details This function sets the string @p magic_name to @p magic. It is not
 *          checked if number or string are already set, in which case you end with
 *          duplicates. Internally, eina makes a copy of @p magic_name.
 *
 * @see eina_magic_string_static_set()
 */
EAPI Eina_Bool   eina_magic_string_set(Eina_Magic  magic,
                                       const char *magic_name) EINA_ARG_NONNULL(2);

/**
 * @brief Sets the string associated to the given magic identifier.
 *
 * @param[in] magic The magic identifier
 * @param[in] magic_name The string associated to the identifier, must not be
 *                       @c NULL
 *
 * @return #EINA_TRUE on success, otherwise #EINA_FALSE on failure
 *
 * @details This function sets the string @p magic_name to @p magic. It is not checked if
 *          number or string are already set, in which case you might end with
 *          duplicates. Eina does @b not make a copy of @p magic_name, this means that
 *          @p magic_name has to be a valid pointer for as long as @p magic is used.
 *
 * @see eina_magic_string_set()
 */
EAPI Eina_Bool   eina_magic_string_static_set(Eina_Magic  magic,
                                              const char *magic_name) EINA_ARG_NONNULL(2);

/**
 * @def EINA_MAGIC_NONE
 * @brief Definition of a random value for specifying that a structure using the magic
 *        feature has already been freed. It is used by eina_magic_fail().
 *
 * @note If the magic feature of Eina is disabled, #EINA_MAGIC_NONE is just
 *       @c 0.
 */
#define EINA_MAGIC_NONE 0x1234fedc

/**
 * @var EINA_ERROR_MAGIC_FAILED
 * @brief The error identifier corresponding to the magic check failure.
 */
EAPI extern Eina_Error EINA_ERROR_MAGIC_FAILED;

#ifdef EINA_MAGIC_DEBUG

/**
 * @def EINA_MAGIC
 * @brief Definition of of a variable of type #Eina_Magic. To put in a structure
 *        when one wants to use the magic feature of Eina with the functions
 *        of that structure, like this:
 *
 * @code
 * struct Foo
 * {
 *    int i;
 *
 *    EINA_MAGIC
 * };
 * @endcode
 *
 * @note If the magic feature of Eina is disabled, #EINA_MAGIC does nothing.
 */
#define EINA_MAGIC Eina_Magic __magic;

/**
 * @def EINA_MAGIC_SET(d, m)
 * @brief Definition to set the magic number of @p d to @p m. @p d must be a valid pointer
 *        to a structure holding an Eina magic number declaration.
 *        Use #EINA_MAGIC to add such a declaration.
 *
 * @note If the magic feature of Eina is disabled, #EINA_MAGIC_CHECK is just
 *       the value @c 0.
 */
#define EINA_MAGIC_SET(d, m)   (d)->__magic = (m)

/**
 * @def EINA_MAGIC_CHECK(d, m)
 * @brief Definition to test if @p d is @c NULL or not, and if not @c NULL, if
 *        @p d->__eina_magic is equal to @p m. @p d must be a structure that
 *        holds an Eina magic number declaration. Use #EINA_MAGIC to add such a
 *        declaration.
 *
 * @note If the magic feature of Eina is disabled, #EINA_MAGIC_CHECK is just
 *       the value @c 1.
 */
#define EINA_MAGIC_CHECK(d, m) (EINA_LIKELY((d) && ((d)->__magic == (m))))

/**
 * @def EINA_MAGIC_FAIL(d, m)
 * @brief Definition to call eina_magic_fail() with the parameters @p d, @p d->__magic,
 *        @p m, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, and __LINE__. @p d must be a structure that
 *        holds an Eina magic number declaration. Use #EINA_MAGIC to add such a
 *        declaration.
 *
 * @note If the magic feature of Eina is disabled, #EINA_MAGIC_FAIL does
 *       nothing.
 */
#define EINA_MAGIC_FAIL(d, m)             \
  eina_magic_fail((void *)(d),            \
                  (d) ? (d)->__magic : 0, \
                  (m),                    \
                  __FILE__,               \
                  __FUNCTION__,           \
                  __LINE__);

/**
 * @brief Displays a message or aborts if a magic check failed.
 *
 * @param[in] d The checked data pointer
 * @param[in] m The magic identifier to check
 * @param[in] req_m The requested magic identifier to check
 * @param[in] file The file in which the magic check failed
 * @param[in] fnc The function in which the magic check failed
 * @param[in] line The line at which the magic check failed
 *
 * @warning You should @b strongly consider using @ref EINA_MAGIC_FAIL(d, m)
 *          instead.
 *
 * @details This function displays an error message if a magic check has
 *          failed, using the following logic in the following order:
 * @li If @p d is @c NULL, a message warns about a @c NULL pointer.
 * @li Otherwise, if @p m is equal to #EINA_MAGIC_NONE, a message
 * warns about a handle that is already freed.
 * @li Otherwise, if @p m is equal to @p req_m, a message warns about
 * a handle that is of the wrong type.
 * @li Otherwise, a message warns you about abusing that function...
 *
 * @note If the environment variable EINA_LOG_ABORT is set, abort() is
 *       called and the program stops. It is useful for debugging programs
 *       with gdb.
 */
EAPI void eina_magic_fail(void *d, Eina_Magic m, Eina_Magic req_m,
                          const char *file, const char *fnc,
                          int line) EINA_ARG_NONNULL(4, 5);

#else

/**
 * @cond LOCAL
 */

#define EINA_MAGIC
#define EINA_MAGIC_SET(d, m)                          ((void)0)
#define EINA_MAGIC_CHECK(d, m)                        (1)
#define EINA_MAGIC_FAIL(d, m)                         ((void)0)

#define eina_magic_fail(d, m, req_m, file, fnx, line) ((void)0)

/**
 * @endcond
 */

#endif

/**
 * @}
 */

#endif /* EINA_MAGIC_H_ */
